Substance profile
Piperidine
Piperidine is a clear, colorless liquid with an amine-like odor.
01 · Identification
What Piperidine is
Piperidine is a clear, colorless liquid with an amine-like odor. Its molecular formula is C5H11N and its molecular weight is 85.15 g/mol. It boils at 106 °C, melts at -7 °C, is miscible with water.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as flammable agents - 3rd degree.
02 · GHS classification
Hazards and label elements
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour. |
| H331 | Toxic if inhaled. |
| H311 | Toxic in contact with skin. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
Precautionary statements: P210, P233, P241, P242, P260, P271, P280, P301, P302, P304, P310, P331, P352, P403
03 · Physical and chemical properties
Piperidine properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 106 °C (222.8 °F) | at 760 mmHg | HSDB |
| 106.11 °C (223 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO | |
| 106 °C (222.8 °F) | ICSC | ||
| Melting point | -7 °C (19.4 °F) | HSDB | |
| -9 °C (15.8 °F) | DOE PAC | ||
| Density | 0.86 g/cm³ | ICSC | |
| 0.8622 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | HSDB | |
| Solubility | Miscible in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform | HSDB | |
| Miscible in water | HSDB | ||
| Miscible (NTP, 1992) | CAMEO | ||
| Vapor pressure | 32.1 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB |
| 40 mmHg | at 29.2 °C | HSDB | |
| Flash point | 16.11 °C (61 °F) | HSDB | |
| 16 °C (60.8 °F) | ICSC | ||
| 9.56 °C (49.2 °F) | range, midpoint shown | CAMEO | |
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | This substance ... evolves explosive concentrations of vapor at normal room temperatures. | HSDB | |
| Vapor density | 3 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| Odor threshold | Odor threshold <2 ppm by volume | Haz-Map |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
04 · Handling and storage
Storing and handling Piperidine
Storage conditions
Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, incompatible materials See Chemical Dangers.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Incompatible materials
Piperidine is a medium strong base. Reacts violently with oxidizers.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Reactivity
PIPERIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check Piperidine in the storage compatibility matrix →