Substance profile
Piperazine
Piperazine is plates or leaflets from ethanol with a typical amine odor.
01 · Identification
What Piperazine is
Piperazine is plates or leaflets from ethanol with a typical amine odor. It boils at 146 °C, melts at 106 °C.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as corrosives.
Other names for Piperazine
- [solid]
02 · GHS classification
Hazards and label elements
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H361fd | Suspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
Precautionary statements: P260, P261, P272, P280, P301, P310, P313, P331, P333
03 · Physical and chemical properties
Piperazine properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 146 °C (294.8 °F) | HSDB | |
| 146.11 °C (295 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO | |
| Melting point | 106 °C (222.8 °F) | HSDB | |
| 106.11 °C (223 °F) | CAMEO | ||
| Density | 1.1 g/cm³ | HSDB | |
| 1.1 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | CAMEO | |
| Solubility | Mol wt 184.13. Minute crystals. Very slightly sol in water. pH of saturated aq soln 6.5 | Phosphate | HSDB |
| Freely soluble in glycerol, glycols; one gram dissolves in 2 ml of 95% alcohol. Insoluble in ether. | HSDB | ||
| Vapor pressure | 197.806 mmHg | HSDB | |
| 0.16 mmHg | at 20 °C | HSDB | |
| 0.1575 mmHg | at 20 °C | ICSC | |
| Flash point | 107 °C (224.6 °F) | Cleveland Open Cup | HSDB |
| 87.78 °C (190 °F) | CAMEO | ||
| 65 °C (149 °F) | ICSC | ||
| Autoignition temperature | 454.97 °C (850.9 °F) | HSDB | |
| 320 °C (608 °F) | ICSC | ||
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 4 % by volume | ICSC | |
| Flammability limits = 1.6 to 12.5 vol% | HSDB | ||
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 14 % by volume | ICSC | |
| Vapor density | 3 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| Critical temperature and pressure | 364.85 °C (688.7 °F) | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
04 · Handling and storage
Storing and handling Piperazine
Storage conditions
Piperazine must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) since violent reactions occur. . Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where piperazine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form oxidizers. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Incompatible materials
Violent reaction with strong oxidizers and dicyanofurazan. Incompatible with nitrogen compounds, carbon tetrachloride. Attacks aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium, and zinc.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Reactivity
PIPERAZINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, which can cause dry crystals to seem to melt. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. This compound is sensitive to light; it absorbs water and carbon dioxide from air. This compound may be corrosive to aluminum, magnesium and zinc. (NTP, 1992).
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check Piperazine in the storage compatibility matrix →