Substance profile
Hydrazine
Hydrazine is a colorless oily liquid with a penetrating odor resembling ammonia.
01 · Identification
What Hydrazine is
Hydrazine is a colorless oily liquid with a penetrating odor resembling ammonia. It boils at 114 °C, melts at 1.5 °C, is miscible with water.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
Other names for Hydrazine
- N2H4
- Diamine
- Hydrazine (Anhydrous)
- Hydrazine Anhydrous
- Hydrazine Base
- Hydrazine, (Anhydrous)
- Hydrazine, Anhydrous
- Levoxine
- Nitrogen Hydride (N2H4)
- Oxytreat 35
02 · GHS classification
Hazards and label elements
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour. |
| H350 | May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
| H331 | Toxic if inhaled. |
| H311 | Toxic in contact with skin. |
| H301 | Toxic if swallowed. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life. |
| H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
Precautionary statements: P201, P210, P233, P241, P242, P260, P261, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301, P302, P304, P308, P310, P313, P330, P331, P333, P352, P391, P403, P501
03 · Physical and chemical properties
Hydrazine properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 113.55 °C (236.4 °F) | HSDB | |
| 120.3 °C (248.5 °F) | at 760 mmHg | HSDB | |
| 113.33 °C (236 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| Melting point | 1.54 °C (34.8 °F) | HSDB | |
| 127 °C (260.6 °F) | HSDB | ||
| 2.22 °C (36 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| Density | 1.0036 g/cm³ | HSDB | |
| 1.42 g/cm³ | Hydrazine dihydrochloride | HSDB | |
| 1.01 g/cm³ | NIOSH | ||
| Solubility | Miscible with water /1.0X10+6 mg/L/ | HSDB | |
| Very soluble in water | HSDB | ||
| Miscible with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl alcohols | HSDB | ||
| Vapor pressure | 10 mmHg | NIOSH | |
| 14.4 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB | |
| Flash point | 52 °C (125.6 °F) | HSDB | |
| 37.78 °C (100 °F) | HSDB | ||
| 37.22 °C (99 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| Autoignition temperature | 37.78 °C (100 °F) | HSDB | |
| 270 °C (518 °F) | CAMEO | ||
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 2.9 % by volume | HSDB | |
| 4.7 % by volume | CAMEO | ||
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 98 % by volume | HSDB | |
| 100 % by volume | CAMEO | ||
| Vapor density | 1.1 (air = 1) | ICSC | |
| Odor threshold | Odor perception threshold for hydrazine is 160 mg/L. | HSDB | |
| Odor Threshold Low: 3.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map | ||
| Odor Threshold High: 4.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map | ||
| Critical temperature and pressure | 380 °C (716 °F) | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
04 · Handling and storage
Storing and handling Hydrazine
Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Incompatible materials
Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents, oxygen, copper, zinc, organic materials.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Reactivity
HYDRAZINE is a powerful reducing agent. May ignite spontaneously if mixed with hydrogen peroxide or with nitric acid. Decomposes with flame on contact with many metallic oxide surfaces [Haz. Chem. Data(1966)]. While boiling a piece of polyester fiber in hydrazine in a glass beaker, a technician put a somewhat rusty pair of metal tweezers into the hydrazine, which then ignited [MCA Case History 1893 (1973)]. Forms explosive metal hydrazides when mixed with alkali metals in presence of ammonia [Mellor 8, Supp. 2:95(1967)]. During the measurement of the shock sensitivity of a mixture containing hydrazine, a drop of the mixture fell on a tetryl explosive. The tetryl immediately burst into flames [ASESB 105]. Ignites spontaneously if mixed with nitrous oxide [Mellor 8, Supp. 2:214(1967)]. Reacts explosively with potassium and sodium dichromate [Mellor 11:234(1946-1947)].
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check Hydrazine in the storage compatibility matrix →
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